{
  "version": "2.0",
  "date": "2026-09-05",
  "status": "Exploratory source audit; not a rarity test",
  "researcher": "AI-assisted retrieval, reading and extraction; no independent specialist validation yet.",
  "selection": "Four named comparisons and six role-comparator entries selected purposively. One comparator entry includes two figures. Passages and figures are not independent statistical trials.",
  "source_policy": "Early accessible accounts, not an exhaustive earliest-source claim. Original/record dates and inspected edition dates are distinguished; unknowns remain explicit.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "berossus",
      "short": "Berossus via Eusebius",
      "title": "Eusebius, Chronicle, Book I: Berossus fragments",
      "kind": "Mediated ancient account",
      "url": "https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_chronicon_02_text.htm",
      "composition": "Berossus wrote in the early third century BCE; Eusebius compiled his Chronicle in the fourth century CE. Neither date is a date for Oannes' supposed life.",
      "edition": "Robert Bedrosian's 2008 English translation of the Armenian version; sections [4]–[7] inspected.",
      "mediation": "Berossus → excerpting authors including Alexander Polyhistor → Eusebius → Armenian transmission → English. These are links in a chain, not independent confirmations.",
      "open_questions": "Compare Greek fragments and specialist editions; do not treat the complete original Babyloniaca as surviving."
    },
    {
      "id": "sarmiento",
      "short": "Sarmiento, 1572 / Markham, 1907",
      "title": "Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, History of the Incas",
      "kind": "Colonial account",
      "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20218/pg20218-images.html",
      "composition": "1572 account, commissioned in the administration of Viceroy Toledo.",
      "edition": "Clements R. Markham's 1907 English translation, in the Project Gutenberg transcription; chapters V–VII inspected.",
      "mediation": "An account recorded under colonial rule, with the author's own biblical and classical interpretation. Markham's footnotes are kept separate from Sarmiento's narrative.",
      "open_questions": "Check against the Spanish manuscript and earlier Betanzos and Cieza accounts; this is an inspected witness, not a claim of earliest attestation."
    },
    {
      "id": "sahagun",
      "short": "Sahagún, Book III",
      "title": "Sahagún and Nahua collaborators, Historia general, Book III",
      "kind": "Colonial collaborative account",
      "url": "https://www.biblioteca-antologica.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SAHAG%C3%9AN-Historia-General-de-la-Nueva-Espa%C3%B1a-I.pdf",
      "composition": "Sixteenth-century compilation; the Florentine Codex was completed in 1577.",
      "edition": "Spanish transcription in the linked PDF. Chapters III, IV and XII–XIV inspected; the transcription's edition provenance is not supplied clearly enough to assign an edition year.",
      "mediation": "Nahua knowledge recorded through a Franciscan project. This audit reads Spanish, not an independent Nahuatl translation. English explanations are project paraphrases.",
      "open_questions": "Collate the transcription with the Getty Digital Florentine Codex and the Nahuatl column. Consult the Anales de Cuauhtitlan as a separate version."
    },
    {
      "id": "piedrahita",
      "short": "Piedrahíta, 1688",
      "title": "Lucas Fernández de Piedrahíta, Historia general de las conquistas del Nuevo Reyno de Granada",
      "kind": "Colonial account",
      "url": "https://idus.us.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/19b82710-7517-4058-8432-26acd67af64e/content",
      "composition": "Published 1688; this is not a pre-contact record.",
      "edition": "Digitised 1688 edition, Book I, chapter III, printed pp. 17–19 (PDF pp. 43–45).",
      "mediation": "A colonial chronicler reports traditions and supplies Christian comparisons. His report and his explanation must not become one unmarked narrative.",
      "open_questions": "Follow the account back into Pedro Simón and other earlier witnesses. Weaving and more specific directional claims require those passages, not a modern summary."
    },
    {
      "id": "prometheus",
      "short": "Prometheus Bound / Smyth, 1926",
      "title": "Prometheus Bound, traditionally attributed to Aeschylus",
      "kind": "Ancient literary account",
      "url": "https://www.theoi.com/Text/AeschylusPrometheus.html",
      "composition": "Classical Greek drama; authorship and exact dating are not resolved by this audit.",
      "edition": "Herbert Weir Smyth's English translation, 1926, as transcribed by Theoi; lines 228–256 and 436–506 inspected.",
      "mediation": "A literary speech about the origins of arts, not a first-person historical record. Included as a role comparator, not proof of an unrelated invention.",
      "open_questions": "Compare other Prometheus versions and more closely matched genres."
    },
    {
      "id": "demeter",
      "short": "Hymn to Demeter / Evelyn-White, 1914",
      "title": "Homeric Hymn to Demeter",
      "kind": "Ancient literary account",
      "url": "https://www.theoi.com/Text/HomericHymns1.html",
      "composition": "Archaic Greek hymn; the collection's dating is approximate and this audit does not date the oral tradition.",
      "edition": "H. G. Evelyn-White, 1914; lines 250–313 and 470–489 inspected.",
      "mediation": "Anonymous hymn in English translation. A Greek comparator alongside Prometheus, not an independent statistical draw.",
      "open_questions": "Ritual teaching is explicit; do not substitute a different story about the invention of agriculture."
    },
    {
      "id": "changes",
      "short": "Great Treatise / Legge, 1882",
      "title": "Book of Changes, Great Treatise, second section",
      "kind": "Received textual tradition",
      "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/ich/sbe16app.htm",
      "composition": "The received commentary's composition and manuscript history have not been dated in this audit. It is not a contemporary record of the legendary sovereigns.",
      "edition": "James Legge's translation, The Yî King (1882), Appendix III, section II, chapter II, paragraphs 11–15, pp. 382–384.",
      "mediation": "Fuxi and Shennong are two figures in the same textual sequence. They count as one source family, not two independent witnesses.",
      "open_questions": "Collate the received Chinese text and early manuscripts; retain the distinction between commentary and the core divination text."
    },
    {
      "id": "inana",
      "short": "ETCSL 1.3.1",
      "title": "Inana and Enki",
      "kind": "Composite scholarly edition",
      "url": "https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr131.htm",
      "composition": "Sumerian literary tradition; exact composition and individual tablet dates are outside this initial audit.",
      "edition": "Oxford Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, translation 1.3.1; segments D, F and H inspected.",
      "mediation": "A scholarly reconstruction with gaps and variant witnesses explicitly marked. A Mesopotamian local analogue to the cultural-arts theme, not an unrelated control.",
      "open_questions": "Consult the individual tablets and bibliography before making chronological or textual-independence claims."
    },
    {
      "id": "garcilaso",
      "short": "Garcilaso / Rycaut, 1688",
      "title": "Garcilaso de la Vega, Royal Commentaries: Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo",
      "kind": "Colonial account",
      "url": "https://open.maricopa.edu/worldmythologyvolume1godsandcreation/chapter/from-the-royal-commentaries-of-the-incas-by-the-inca-garcilasso-de-la-vega/",
      "composition": "Royal Commentaries, part I, first published 1609.",
      "edition": "Excerpts from Paul Rycaut's 1688 translation, edited by Jared Aragona; Book I, chapters VII and XII in this edition's numbering.",
      "mediation": "Garcilaso's account → Rycaut → edited teaching excerpt. An Andean local comparator; not independent of all traditions associated with Viracocha.",
      "open_questions": "Compare the complete Spanish edition and other origin accounts. The excerpt is shorter and differently selected than the main cases."
    },
    {
      "id": "brinton",
      "short": "Brinton, 1882",
      "title": "Daniel G. Brinton, American Hero-Myths",
      "kind": "Later comparative retelling",
      "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11029/pg11029-images.html",
      "composition": "Published 1882.",
      "edition": "Project Gutenberg transcription, introductory chapter's outline of the culture-hero narrative.",
      "mediation": "A comparative author's generalisation across traditions. Not an additional Indigenous witness or proof that each named figure has every listed trait.",
      "open_questions": "Trace each component through Brinton's cited sources; this audit does not establish when the generalised formula first appeared."
    }
  ],
  "figures": [
    {
      "id": "viracocha",
      "name": "Viracocha",
      "group": "Named comparison",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Creator before the flood; later goes to Titicaca.",
          "evidence": [
            "V1",
            "V2"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "uncertain",
          "text": "General instruction; this passage does not list the same specific crafts.",
          "evidence": [
            "V3"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Walks over the sea with two servants.",
          "evidence": [
            "V3"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Promises future messengers, not his own return.",
          "evidence": [
            "V4"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "quetzalcoatl",
      "name": "Quetzalcoatl",
      "group": "Named comparison",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "The inspected episodes start with him already in Tollan.",
          "evidence": [
            "Q1"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Stone-working, metalworking and other crafts.",
          "evidence": [
            "Q1",
            "Q4"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Sails away on a raft of serpents.",
          "evidence": [
            "Q3"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "No personal return promise in the closing departure paragraph.",
          "evidence": [
            "Q3"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bochica",
      "name": "Bochica",
      "group": "Named comparison",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "An inland road from the plains; sea origin is not stated.",
          "evidence": [
            "B3"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "uncertain",
          "text": "Preaching is reported; weaving needs an earlier witness.",
          "evidence": [
            "B1",
            "B3"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "contradicted",
          "text": "This ending is death and ascent to heaven, not sailing away.",
          "evidence": [
            "B3"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Succession is reported, not a personal return promise.",
          "evidence": [
            "B3"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "oannes",
      "name": "Oannes",
      "group": "Named comparison",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "A fish-bodied being emerges from the sea.",
          "evidence": [
            "O1"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Writing, buildings, laws, measurement and food gathering.",
          "evidence": [
            "O2"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Returns to the sea each night; not a final leave-taking.",
          "evidence": [
            "O3"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Daily recurrence, not an explicit future-return promise.",
          "evidence": [
            "O3"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "prometheus",
      "name": "Prometheus",
      "group": "Role comparator",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "No sea arrival in the inspected speeches.",
          "evidence": [
            "P1",
            "P2"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Writing, number, buildings, medicine and other arts.",
          "evidence": [
            "P1",
            "P2"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "The speaker is suffering, not describing a sea departure.",
          "evidence": [
            "P1"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Not in these inspected speeches.",
          "evidence": [
            "P1",
            "P2"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "demeter",
      "name": "Demeter",
      "group": "Role comparator",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Not covered by these selected teaching and departure passages.",
          "evidence": [
            "D1",
            "D2"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Ritual mysteries; growth restored after famine.",
          "evidence": [
            "D1"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "contradicted",
          "text": "Leaves for Olympus, not over the sea, in this ending.",
          "evidence": [
            "D2"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Not in this closing passage.",
          "evidence": [
            "D2"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "fuxi",
      "name": "Fuxi",
      "group": "Role comparator",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "A ruler in a succession account.",
          "evidence": [
            "F1"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Nets for fishing and hunting; trigrams.",
          "evidence": [
            "F1"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "contradicted",
          "text": "Dies and is succeeded; no sea departure in this sequence.",
          "evidence": [
            "F1",
            "S1"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Not in the inspected paragraphs.",
          "evidence": [
            "F1",
            "S1"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "shennong",
      "name": "Shennong",
      "group": "Role comparator",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Succeeds Fuxi; no sea arrival is stated.",
          "evidence": [
            "S1"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Cultivation and markets.",
          "evidence": [
            "S1"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "contradicted",
          "text": "Dies and is succeeded in this account.",
          "evidence": [
            "S1"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Not in the inspected paragraphs.",
          "evidence": [
            "S1"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "inana",
      "name": "Inana",
      "group": "Local analogue",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "uncertain",
          "text": "Boat journey between Eridug and Unug; not stated as arrival from the sea.",
          "evidence": [
            "I2"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "uncertain",
          "text": "Receives and transports crafts as divine powers; direct teaching is different.",
          "evidence": [
            "I1",
            "I2"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "uncertain",
          "text": "Leaves a city by boat; this is not a final departure from humanity.",
          "evidence": [
            "I2"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "No such promise in these selected episodes.",
          "evidence": [
            "I2"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "manco",
      "name": "Manco Cápac & Mama Ocllo",
      "group": "Local analogue",
      "comparison": {
        "arrival": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Sent by the Sun and placed at Titicaca.",
          "evidence": [
            "M1"
          ]
        },
        "teaching": {
          "status": "present",
          "text": "Cultivation and waterworks; textiles attributed to Mama Ocllo.",
          "evidence": [
            "M2"
          ]
        },
        "departure": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "No final departure in the inspected excerpts.",
          "evidence": [
            "M1",
            "M2"
          ]
        },
        "return": {
          "status": "not_mentioned",
          "text": "Not in the inspected excerpts.",
          "evidence": [
            "M1",
            "M2"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "passages": [
    {
      "id": "V1",
      "figure": "viracocha",
      "source": "sarmiento",
      "title": "A creator who also destroys",
      "locator": "Chapter VI, initial creation and flood",
      "excerpt": "a general flood",
      "paraphrase": "Viracocha precedes creation and destroys a disobedient population; the text then recounts differing survival stories.",
      "qualification": "This account does not begin with an ordinary visitor arriving from overseas.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "V2",
      "figure": "viracocha",
      "source": "sarmiento",
      "title": "The lake is a destination in this version",
      "locator": "Chapter VII, opening paragraphs",
      "excerpt": "went, with his servants",
      "paraphrase": "After the flood, Viracocha goes with servants to Titicaca and creates the luminaries.",
      "qualification": "Do not turn a journey to a lake into emergence from it; other versions need separate records.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "V3",
      "figure": "viracocha",
      "source": "sarmiento",
      "title": "Instruction followed by a sea departure",
      "locator": "Chapter VII, final Viracocha episode",
      "excerpt": "travelling over the water",
      "paraphrase": "He instructs people, reaches the coast, and departs over the water with two servants.",
      "qualification": "The passage describes general instruction, not Oannes' same named curriculum.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "V4",
      "figure": "viracocha",
      "source": "sarmiento",
      "title": "Messengers, rather than his own return",
      "locator": "Chapter VII, speech before departure",
      "excerpt": "he would send his messengers",
      "paraphrase": "He warns against false claimants and says future messengers will protect and teach.",
      "qualification": "That is a future-contact motif; it is not an explicit promise to return personally.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "V5",
      "figure": "viracocha",
      "source": "sarmiento",
      "title": "The chronicler's Atlantis framework",
      "locator": "Chapter V, concluding discussion of American origins",
      "excerpt": "primeval Mesopotamians and Chaldæans",
      "paraphrase": "Sarmiento himself connects American origins to Atlantis and Mesopotamia.",
      "qualification": "This is the author's framework, not an Indigenous quotation and not proof that he invented each reported detail.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "Q1",
      "figure": "quetzalcoatl",
      "source": "sahagun",
      "title": "The arts are explicitly attributed to him",
      "locator": "Book III, chapter III; PDF p. 148",
      "excerpt": "estas artes todas hovieron origen",
      "paraphrase": "Stone-working and metalworking among Quetzalcoatl's followers are traced to him.",
      "qualification": "An explicit origin-of-crafts claim survives; it is not merely an inference from a prosperous reign.",
      "checked": "PDF page visually checked; English explanation is a project paraphrase.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://www.biblioteca-antologica.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SAHAG%C3%9AN-Historia-General-de-la-Nueva-Espa%C3%B1a-I.pdf#page=148"
    },
    {
      "id": "Q2",
      "figure": "quetzalcoatl",
      "source": "sahagun",
      "title": "Prosperity is not itself a teaching episode",
      "locator": "Book III, chapter III; PDF pp. 148–149",
      "excerpt": "el maíz era abundantíssimo",
      "paraphrase": "The description celebrates plentiful maize and naturally coloured cotton.",
      "qualification": "Abundant crops alone do not state that the figure introduced agriculture.",
      "checked": "PDF page visually checked; English explanation is a project paraphrase.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://www.biblioteca-antologica.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SAHAG%C3%9AN-Historia-General-de-la-Nueva-Espa%C3%B1a-I.pdf#page=148"
    },
    {
      "id": "Q3",
      "figure": "quetzalcoatl",
      "source": "sahagun",
      "title": "A departure with its own unusual vehicle",
      "locator": "Book III, chapter XIV, final paragraph; PDF p. 157",
      "excerpt": "una balsa hecha de culebras",
      "paraphrase": "At the coast, Quetzalcoatl has a serpent raft made and sails away.",
      "qualification": "This is departure by sea. No personal return promise appears in this closing paragraph.",
      "checked": "PDF page visually checked; English explanation is a project paraphrase.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://www.biblioteca-antologica.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SAHAG%C3%9AN-Historia-General-de-la-Nueva-Espa%C3%B1a-I.pdf#page=157"
    },
    {
      "id": "Q4",
      "figure": "quetzalcoatl",
      "source": "sahagun",
      "title": "The arts stay behind",
      "locator": "Book III, chapter XIII; PDF pp. 155–156",
      "excerpt": "dexad todas las artes mecánicas",
      "paraphrase": "Opponents demand that he leave metal, stone, wood, painting and featherwork skills behind.",
      "qualification": "Read within his flight from Tollan, not as arrival after a worldwide flood.",
      "checked": "PDF text inspected; English explanation is a project paraphrase.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://www.biblioteca-antologica.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SAHAG%C3%9AN-Historia-General-de-la-Nueva-Espa%C3%B1a-I.pdf#page=156"
    },
    {
      "id": "R1",
      "figure": "quetzalcoatl",
      "source": "brinton",
      "title": "A later author builds a shared outline",
      "locator": "Chapter I, introductory outline of the hero-god",
      "excerpt": "the useful arts",
      "paraphrase": "Brinton assembles an outline of a teaching figure who leaves after establishing human institutions.",
      "qualification": "This is a comparative synthesis; it cannot verify every trait for each named figure.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "R2",
      "figure": "quetzalcoatl",
      "source": "brinton",
      "title": "Return becomes part of the general formula",
      "locator": "Chapter I, paragraph after the introductory outline",
      "excerpt": "awaiting the appointed time",
      "paraphrase": "Brinton's generalised hero comes from the east and awaits a future reappearance.",
      "qualification": "A useful witness to nineteenth-century comparison, not an additional early Quetzalcoatl account.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "B1",
      "figure": "bochica",
      "source": "piedrahita",
      "title": "One stranger, or several?",
      "locator": "Book I, chapter III, printed p. 17 (PDF p. 43)",
      "excerpt": "vn hombre estrangero",
      "paraphrase": "The chronicler reports one stranger with three names, but notes a version with three preachers.",
      "qualification": "Do not silently collapse the variant figures into one individual.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://idus.us.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/19b82710-7517-4058-8432-26acd67af64e/content#page=43",
      "checked": "Original printed page visually checked. Long-s normalised to s; English explanation is a project paraphrase."
    },
    {
      "id": "B2",
      "figure": "bochica",
      "source": "piedrahita",
      "title": "A staff opens a route for floodwater",
      "locator": "Book I, chapter III, printed p. 18 (PDF p. 44)",
      "excerpt": "abrió camino a las aguas",
      "paraphrase": "Bochica drains the flooded plain by opening a mountain with his staff; Huytháca is implicated in the flood.",
      "qualification": "This is flood relief, not arrival as a survivor. Other versions may assign the flood differently.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://idus.us.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/19b82710-7517-4058-8432-26acd67af64e/content#page=44",
      "checked": "Original printed page visually checked. Long-s normalised to s; English explanation is a project paraphrase."
    },
    {
      "id": "B3",
      "figure": "bochica",
      "source": "piedrahita",
      "title": "Death, ascent and an inland route",
      "locator": "Book I, chapter III, printed p. 19 (PDF p. 45)",
      "excerpt": "murió en Sogamoso",
      "paraphrase": "Bochica dies at Sogamoso and is taken to heaven; an inland road is associated with his coming.",
      "qualification": "The account also reports teaching and succession. It does not supply the same sea-departure episode.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://idus.us.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/19b82710-7517-4058-8432-26acd67af64e/content#page=45",
      "checked": "Original printed page visually checked. Long-s normalised to s; English explanation is a project paraphrase."
    },
    {
      "id": "B4",
      "figure": "bochica",
      "source": "piedrahita",
      "title": "The chronicler identifies an apostle",
      "locator": "Book I, chapter III, printed p. 19 (PDF p. 45)",
      "excerpt": "a San Bartolomé",
      "paraphrase": "Piedrahíta proposes Saint Bartholomew as the explanation for Bochica.",
      "qualification": "The apostolic identification is the author's argument, not an unmediated Indigenous statement.",
      "language": "es",
      "url": "https://idus.us.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/19b82710-7517-4058-8432-26acd67af64e/content#page=45",
      "checked": "Original printed page visually checked. Long-s normalised to s; English explanation is a project paraphrase."
    },
    {
      "id": "O1",
      "figure": "oannes",
      "source": "berossus",
      "title": "An explicit emergence from the sea",
      "locator": "Book I, [4], Oannes paragraph",
      "excerpt": "emerged from the Red Sea",
      "paraphrase": "Oannes enters from the sea with a fish body, a human head and human feet.",
      "qualification": "The translation's sea name is retained rather than silently modernised to a precise coastline.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "O2",
      "figure": "oannes",
      "source": "berossus",
      "title": "Named skills, not just wise rule",
      "locator": "Book I, [4], instruction paragraph",
      "excerpt": "letters and the techniques",
      "paraphrase": "The passage lists writing, building cities and temples, laws, measurement and gathering seeds and fruit.",
      "qualification": "A catalogue of arts is explicit. It is not a dated record of their historical introduction.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "O3",
      "figure": "oannes",
      "source": "berossus",
      "title": "A nightly return",
      "locator": "Book I, [4], sunset paragraph",
      "excerpt": "when the sun went down",
      "paraphrase": "Oannes spends daylight with people and returns to the sea overnight.",
      "qualification": "This is a recurring routine, not a final departure or a promise of a distant future return.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "O4",
      "figure": "oannes",
      "source": "berossus",
      "title": "The flood belongs later in the chronology",
      "locator": "Book I, [6]–[7], Xisuthrus account",
      "excerpt": "during which time the great Flood occurred",
      "paraphrase": "The flood is assigned to Xisuthrus after the earlier kings and teaching beings.",
      "qualification": "Oannes is not introduced here as a survivor arriving after that flood.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "P1",
      "figure": "prometheus",
      "source": "prometheus",
      "title": "A surprisingly extensive curriculum",
      "locator": "Lines 436–471",
      "excerpt": "the combining of letters",
      "paraphrase": "Prometheus claims buildings, seasonal knowledge, writing, number, animal harnessing and ships.",
      "qualification": "Specific technical instruction is not confined to the four named civilisers.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "P2",
      "figure": "prometheus",
      "source": "prometheus",
      "title": "The wider package includes medicine",
      "locator": "Lines 477–506",
      "excerpt": "mix soothing remedies",
      "paraphrase": "The speech adds medicine, divination and metals, then credits Prometheus with every human art.",
      "qualification": "A broad arts list can overlap Oannes without establishing either independence or a shared ancestor.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "D1",
      "figure": "demeter",
      "source": "demeter",
      "title": "Instruction after a crisis",
      "locator": "Hymn II, lines 301–313 and 470–482",
      "excerpt": "taught them all her mysteries",
      "paraphrase": "Demeter causes crop failure; later she restores growth and teaches ritual mysteries.",
      "qualification": "Here the crisis is famine, not flood, and the named instruction is ritual.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "D2",
      "figure": "demeter",
      "source": "demeter",
      "title": "Departure to Olympus",
      "locator": "Hymn II, lines 483–489",
      "excerpt": "they went to Olympus",
      "paraphrase": "Following the instruction, the goddesses leave for Olympus.",
      "qualification": "Teacher, crisis and departure can form a loose parallel while the particular events differ.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "F1",
      "figure": "fuxi",
      "source": "changes",
      "title": "Nets and trigrams",
      "locator": "Appendix III, section II, chapter II, §§11–12; pp. 382–383",
      "excerpt": "hunting and fishing",
      "paraphrase": "Fuxi (Pâo-hsî) is credited with trigrams and making nets.",
      "qualification": "An invention account, not a sea-arrival episode. His death introduces the successor in §13.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "S1",
      "figure": "shennong",
      "source": "changes",
      "title": "Ploughs and markets",
      "locator": "Appendix III, section II, chapter II, §§13–15; pp. 383–384",
      "excerpt": "ploughing and weeding",
      "paraphrase": "Shennong succeeds Fuxi, teaches cultivation and establishes markets; later rulers follow his death.",
      "qualification": "Same source family as Fuxi. The succession should not be turned into a mysterious disappearance.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "I1",
      "figure": "inana",
      "source": "inana",
      "title": "A cargo of cultural powers",
      "locator": "Segment D, lines 10–13",
      "excerpt": "the craft of the scribe",
      "paraphrase": "Inana receives a list of crafts, including carpentry, metalwork, scribal work and building.",
      "qualification": "Receiving or transporting powers is not identical to personally teaching each craft.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "I2",
      "figure": "inana",
      "source": "inana",
      "title": "A boat, a dispute, a city",
      "locator": "Segment F, lines 1–13; segment H, lines 218–248",
      "excerpt": "the Boat of Heaven",
      "paraphrase": "Inana takes the powers by boat toward Unug; Enki's attempts to retrieve them form the journey's conflict.",
      "qualification": "This is a named inter-city transfer, not evidence of an overseas visitor to an unknown people.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "M1",
      "figure": "manco",
      "source": "garcilaso",
      "title": "A lake, two envoys and a golden object",
      "locator": "Book I, chapter VII in the linked Rycaut excerpts",
      "excerpt": "a little wedge of Gold",
      "paraphrase": "The Sun sends a son and daughter, places them at Titicaca and gives a gold object to locate their settlement.",
      "qualification": "A local Andean comparator; the lake and paired founders should not be silently merged with Viracocha.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "M2",
      "figure": "manco",
      "source": "garcilaso",
      "title": "The instruction is divided between figures",
      "locator": "Book I, chapter XII in the linked Rycaut excerpts",
      "excerpt": "spinning and weaving",
      "paraphrase": "Manco teaches cultivation and waterworks; Mama Ocllo is credited with textile instruction.",
      "qualification": "A compressed biography can wrongly assign all skills to one male civiliser.",
      "checked": "Linked edition text inspected, September 2026."
    }
  ],
  "unresolved": [
    "Earlier Bochica witnesses, especially Pedro Simón, have not yet been collated.",
    "Betanzos and Cieza de León need comparison with Sarmiento.",
    "The Sahagún Spanish transcription needs manuscript and Nahuatl collation.",
    "Additional versions of Quetzalcoatl need separate entries, especially the Anales de Cuauhtitlan.",
    "The small role-comparator collection is not a matched statistical sample.",
    "No global significance, transmission probability or prehistoric age is estimated."
  ]
}