{
 "manifest": {
  "id": "p2_11_every_way_in",
  "title": "Every way a buried room could reach a radar",
  "date": "2026-09-28",
  "started_utc": "2026-09-28T12:42:25+00:00",
  "runtime_s": 0.1,
  "commit": "a32c15f",
  "params": {
   "rooms": [
    {
     "id": "bench",
     "name": "the bench chamber",
     "size_m": 6.0,
     "centre_m": 15.0
    },
    {
     "id": "hall",
     "name": "a large hall",
     "size_m": 20.0,
     "centre_m": 30.0
    },
    {
     "id": "claim",
     "name": "the claimed deep structure",
     "size_m": 80.0,
     "centre_m": 1220.0
    }
   ],
   "bands": [
    {
     "id": "X",
     "name": "X band (ICEYE, TerraSAR-X)",
     "wavelength_m": 0.031,
     "sand_penetration_m": 0.3,
     "source": "martone2014",
     "note": "about 20 to 30 cm into dry desert soil; the larger value is used"
    },
    {
     "id": "L",
     "name": "L band (ALOS-2, NISAR)",
     "wavelength_m": 0.24,
     "sand_penetration_m": 2.0,
     "source": "mccauley1982",
     "note": "buried river valleys seen under 1 to 2 m of sand; the larger value is used"
    },
    {
     "id": "P",
     "name": "P band (Biomass)",
     "wavelength_m": 0.69,
     "sand_penetration_m": 5.0,
     "source": "esa2025",
     "note": "up to 5 m below the desert surface; used as the penetration depth itself, which is more than the observation implies"
    }
   ],
   "loss_budget_db": 30.0,
   "limestone": {
    "sigma_s_m": 0.0005,
    "eps_r": 8.0
   },
   "earthquake_f_hz": 2.0,
   "strongest_pgv_m_s": 3.0,
   "smallest_measured_m_s": 0.00066,
   "loads": {
    "tidal_strain": 5e-08,
    "air_pa": 3000.0,
    "water_pa": 10000.0,
    "year_t_k": 12.0,
    "alpha_per_k": 8e-06,
    "kappa_m2_s": 1.3e-06
   },
   "insar_mm": 0.5,
   "sigma_k": 3.0,
   "geometry": "giza-20250827"
  },
  "environment": {
   "python": "3.11.3",
   "numpy": "2.4.6",
   "numba": "0.67.0",
   "threads": 16,
   "cpus": 16
  }
 },
 "sources": {
  "martone2014": "Martone, Brautigam, Rizzoli, Yague-Martinez and Krieger (2014), Enhancing interferometric SAR performance over sandy areas: experience from the TanDEM-X mission, IEEE JSTARS",
  "mccauley1982": "McCauley et al. (1982), Subsurface valleys and geoarcheology of the eastern Sahara revealed by Shuttle radar, Science 218, 1004-1020; Paillou et al., ALOS/PALSAR over the Sahara",
  "esa2025": "ESA (23 June 2025), Biomass satellite returns striking first images of forests and more",
  "davis1989": "Davis and Annan (1989), Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy, Geophysical Prospecting 37, 531-551 (table of typical properties)",
  "vattulainen2026": "Vattulainen et al. (2026), Assessment of spaceborne SAR micro-motion measurement for vibration-based SHM, IEEE Access 14, 6043-6064, doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652346",
  "lotti2026": "Lotti et al. (2026), Monitoring bridge vibrations via spaceborne SAR micro-Doppler, Structural Control and Health Monitoring, doi:10.1155/stc/3858095"
 },
 "rooms": [
  {
   "id": "bench",
   "name": "the bench chamber",
   "size_m": 6.0,
   "centre_m": 15.0
  },
  {
   "id": "hall",
   "name": "a large hall",
   "size_m": 20.0,
   "centre_m": 30.0
  },
  {
   "id": "claim",
   "name": "the claimed deep structure",
   "size_m": 80.0,
   "centre_m": 1220.0
  }
 ],
 "A_penetration": {
  "rows": [
   {
    "room": "bench",
    "roof_m": 12.0,
    "limestone_floor_db": 6.9414591057746495,
    "bands": {
     "X": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 347.4355855226015,
      "reach_m": 1.0361632918473205,
      "short_by_db": 317.4355855226015
     },
     "L": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 52.115337828390224,
      "reach_m": 6.907755278982137,
      "short_by_db": 22.115337828390224
     },
     "P": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 20.84613513135609,
      "reach_m": 17.269388197455342,
      "short_by_db": -9.153864868643911
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "room": "hall",
    "roof_m": 20.0,
    "limestone_floor_db": 11.569098509624416,
    "bands": {
     "X": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 579.0593092043358,
      "reach_m": 1.0361632918473205,
      "short_by_db": 549.0593092043358
     },
     "L": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 86.85889638065036,
      "reach_m": 6.907755278982137,
      "short_by_db": 56.858896380650364
     },
     "P": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 34.74355855226015,
      "reach_m": 17.269388197455342,
      "short_by_db": 4.743558552260147
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "room": "claim",
    "roof_m": 1180.0,
    "limestone_floor_db": 682.5768120678406,
    "bands": {
     "X": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 34164.49924305581,
      "reach_m": 1.0361632918473205,
      "short_by_db": 34134.49924305581
     },
     "L": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 5124.6748864583715,
      "reach_m": 6.907755278982137,
      "short_by_db": 5094.6748864583715
     },
     "P": {
      "two_way_loss_db_if_sand": 2049.8699545833488,
      "reach_m": 17.269388197455342,
      "short_by_db": 2019.8699545833488
     }
    }
   }
  ],
  "bands": [
   {
    "id": "X",
    "name": "X band (ICEYE, TerraSAR-X)",
    "wavelength_m": 0.031,
    "sand_penetration_m": 0.3,
    "source": "martone2014",
    "note": "about 20 to 30 cm into dry desert soil; the larger value is used"
   },
   {
    "id": "L",
    "name": "L band (ALOS-2, NISAR)",
    "wavelength_m": 0.24,
    "sand_penetration_m": 2.0,
    "source": "mccauley1982",
    "note": "buried river valleys seen under 1 to 2 m of sand; the larger value is used"
   },
   {
    "id": "P",
    "name": "P band (Biomass)",
    "wavelength_m": 0.69,
    "sand_penetration_m": 5.0,
    "source": "esa2025",
    "note": "up to 5 m below the desert surface; used as the penetration depth itself, which is more than the observation implies"
   }
  ],
  "limestone_two_way_db_per_m_lower_bound": 0.5784549254812208,
  "biomass_slant_resolution_m": 24.983333
 },
 "B_vibration": {
  "trembling_m_s": 4.9e-08,
  "imprint_m_s": 3.247e-12,
  "imprint_over_motion_microseisms": 6.626e-05,
  "imprint_over_motion_2hz": 0.001176,
  "smallest_measured_m_s": 0.00066,
  "smallest_measured_error_m_s": 0.00091,
  "measured_over_imprint": 203264551.894056,
  "measured_over_trembling": 13469.387755,
  "shaking_needed_bench_m_s": 0.561224,
  "shaking_needed_claim_m_s": 1.566237,
  "strongest_pgv_m_s": 3.0,
  "imprint_under_strongest_m_s": 0.003528,
  "lab_floors": [
   {
    "target": "ordinary ground, complex registration (published protocols, R4)",
    "floor_m_s": 0.001238,
    "shortfall": 381154175.765517,
    "shake_needed_m_s": 18.676555
   },
   {
    "target": "ordinary ground, magnitudes",
    "floor_m_s": 0.0008999,
    "shortfall": 277143236.361475,
    "shake_needed_m_s": 13.580019
   },
   {
    "target": "a lone bright scatterer",
    "floor_m_s": 6.169e-05,
    "shortfall": 18998527.633994,
    "shake_needed_m_s": 0.930928
   },
   {
    "target": "a corner reflector 20 dB brighter (designed; in no archive image)",
    "floor_m_s": 6.155e-06,
    "shortfall": 1895722.483492,
    "shake_needed_m_s": 0.09289
   }
  ],
  "virtual_sensor_gain_complex": 0.0009525
 },
 "C_between_passes": {
  "heat_wave_depth_m": 3.6138093489209644,
  "insar_mm": 0.5,
  "rooms": {
   "bench": {
    "tide": {
     "label": "solid-earth tide, horizontal strain 5e-8",
     "imprint_m": 3.448e-08,
     "passes_needed": 3784522559.257756,
     "years_daily": 10361458.067783,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 12591.392222779747
    },
    "air": {
     "label": "air pressure, a 30 hPa swing",
     "imprint_m": 1.033e-07,
     "passes_needed": 421514082.434441,
     "years_daily": 1154042.66238,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 4202.176092246149
    },
    "water": {
     "label": "the water table, a 1 m swing around the room",
     "imprint_m": 1.967e-07,
     "passes_needed": 116328601.153382,
     "years_daily": 318490.352234,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 2207.5546113690343
    },
    "heat": {
     "label": "the year's heat wave, 12 K at the surface, taken at the room's roof",
     "imprint_m": 2.392e-06,
     "passes_needed": 786396.317283,
     "years_daily": 2153.035776,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 181.50514440442032
    }
   },
   "hall": {
    "tide": {
     "label": "solid-earth tide, horizontal strain 5e-8",
     "imprint_m": 3.191e-07,
     "passes_needed": 44191514.265565,
     "years_daily": 120989.772117,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 1360.6224890767173
    },
    "air": {
     "label": "air pressure, a 30 hPa swing",
     "imprint_m": 9.578e-07,
     "passes_needed": 4905386.440399,
     "years_daily": 13430.216127,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 453.31993349911386
    },
    "water": {
     "label": "the water table, a 1 m swing around the room",
     "imprint_m": 1.824e-06,
     "passes_needed": 1353168.889073,
     "years_daily": 3704.774508,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 238.0916722964546
    },
    "heat": {
     "label": "the year's heat wave, 12 K at the surface, taken at the room's roof",
     "imprint_m": 2.419e-06,
     "passes_needed": 768760.64534,
     "years_daily": 2104.751938,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 179.45839306180295
    }
   },
   "claim": {
    "tide": {
     "label": "solid-earth tide, horizontal strain 5e-8",
     "imprint_m": 1.235e-08,
     "passes_needed": 29507555944.745335,
     "years_daily": 80787285.269666,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 35158.86306843379
    },
    "air": {
     "label": "air pressure, a 30 hPa swing",
     "imprint_m": 3.707e-08,
     "passes_needed": 3275424416.344553,
     "years_daily": 8967623.316481,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 11713.913003820851
    },
    "water": {
     "label": "the water table, a 1 m swing around the room",
     "imprint_m": 7.057e-08,
     "passes_needed": 903537870.575656,
     "years_daily": 2473751.870159,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 6152.354948716024
    },
    "heat": {
     "label": "the year's heat wave, 12 K at the surface, taken at the room's roof",
     "imprint_m": 3.688e-147,
     "passes_needed": 4.499999999999999e+54,
     "years_daily": 1.2320328542094453e+52,
     "breathing_over_imprint": 4.341846446395559e+26
    }
   }
  },
  "surface_breathing_m": 0.0004341846446395559
 },
 "D_surface": {
  "bench": {
   "surface_anomaly_k": 0.0001191
  },
  "hall": {
   "surface_anomaly_k": 8.21e-08
  },
  "claim": {
   "surface_anomaly_k": 7.59e-296
  }
 },
 "finding": "No route carries a Giza room to an X-band radar, and none carries the claimed structure to any radar. A: the wave gets about 30 cm into the driest sand at X band, 2 m at L band and 5 m at P band; limestone is less transparent, so the bench chamber's roof at 12 m lies at least 347 dB down at X band and the claimed structure 34,164 dB, against about 30 dB an image can span; only P band could reach a shallow room, blurred into its 25 m resolution cell with the surface. B: the smallest motion ever measured from orbit, on a corner reflector, is 2e+08 times the bench chamber's imprint and 13,469 times the ground's whole trembling; lifting the imprint to it needs shaking of 0.6 m/s during the 25 s pass, with reflectors installed over the spot. C: between passes the largest load, the year's heat wave, moves the ground over the bench chamber by 2.39 um; at 0.5 mm a measurement, a detection needs 8e+05 passes, and the ground's own seasonal breathing (0.43 mm) is 182 times larger. D: the chamber changes the surface's temperature by 0.12 mK. Any processing, gates or learning included, is a function of the record and cannot add what these routes do not carry."
}