Cast, Not Carved · source record · paper

The Ancient Egyptian Pyramids—Concrete or Rock?

Campbell, D. H.; Folk, R. L. · 1991

identifier / locator

Concrete International 13(8): 28–39, August 1991. No DOI (none assigned by ACI).

verification note

Verified by an AI agent (2026-08-22 run) against the American Concrete Institute abstracts portal (title there: 'Ancient Egyptian Pyramids--Concrete or Rock'; date 8/1/1991); abstract obtained. Jana 2007 cites the pages as '28, 30–39' — consistent with the pro-casting Morris companion piece being interleaved at pp. 29, 39–44 of the same issue.

reliability notes

• The earliest detailed anti-casting petrography; companion pro-casting piece in the same issue: Morris, 'The Cast-in-Place Theory of Pyramid Construction', Concrete International 13(8): 29, 39–44.
• Sparked a letters cycle: 'Great Pyramid debate', Concrete International, Feb 1992, pp. 17–21, 82–84 (known from Jana 2007's reference list; not independently verified).