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Fire From the Sky · source record · paper

Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago

Bunch, T. E.; Hermes, R. E.; Moore, A. M. T.; et al. (18 authors total) · 2012

AI-verified citationSRC-BUNCH-2012
identifier / locator
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(28). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204453109
verification note
Confirmed via Crossref (2026-08-22 batch): title, first author, journal, volume, issue, and 18-author count match. E-page numbers omitted (not returned by Crossref).
reliability notes
  • Proponent-team mineralogy; high formation temperature does not by itself identify a cosmic heat source — provenance, dating, and exclusion of analogues remain the contested burden.

Evidence drawn from this source

Supports· moderateYDIH-E012

Bunch et al. 2012: very high-temperature melt products

what the source states
Meltglass and related phases from boundary-age strata at sites in the Carolinas, Pennsylvania, and Venezuela were reported with mineralogy interpreted to require formation temperatures of roughly 1,730 to >2,200 °C, which the authors attributed to cosmic airbursts/impacts.
what we infer
Interesting mineralogy carrying an attribution it cannot support alone: extreme temperature narrows but does not name the heat source, and the materials' depositional age, in-situ context, and exclusion of mundane analogues (fulgurites, historical fires, industrial contamination) remain the unmet burden.
limitations
  • Proponent-team study, largely unreplicated independently.
  • Temperature estimates depend on phase interpretations that have not had blinded confirmation.
Bunch, T. E. (2012)AI-verified citationYDIH-C005