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Zero Worlds · source record · preprint

Quantum Theory From Five Reasonable Axioms

Hardy, L. · 2001

AI-verified citationSRC-HARDY-2001
identifier / locator
arXiv:quant-ph/0101012
url
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101012
verification note
arXiv record confirmed and abstract read 2026-08-22. Circulated and cited for two decades as a preprint; no journal version exists.
reliability notes
  • The founding modern reconstruction: dropping one word ('continuous') from the fifth axiom yields classical probability theory instead — the sharpest known statement of where quantumness enters.

Evidence drawn from this source

Supports· strongZW-E008

Hardy 2001: one word — 'continuous' — separates quantum from classical

what the source states
Five axioms, of which the first four are consistent with both quantum and classical probability theory; the fifth requires "continuous reversible transformations between pure states." Dropping the word "continuous" yields classical probability theory instead of quantum theory.
what we infer
The cleanest possible statement of what any observer-first program ultimately owes an explanation for: not wavefunctions or Hilbert spaces, but one structural fact — continuity of reversible change — whose deeper origin the reconstruction literature itself leaves open.
limitations
  • Never journal-published; its axioms were later refined by successor reconstructions.
Hardy, L. (2001)AI-verified citationZW-C001