Skip to the content
Aletheia

Fire From the Sky · source record · paper

Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago

Wittke, J. H.; Weaver, J. C.; Bunch, T. E.; et al. (28 authors total) · 2013

AI-verified citationSRC-WITTKE-2013
identifier / locator
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(23). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301760110
verification note
Confirmed via Crossref (2026-08-22 batch): title, first author, journal, volume, issue, and 28-author count match. E-page numbers omitted.
reliability notes
  • The largest proponent spherule survey (18 sites); its identification criteria, boundary dating, background rates, and mass estimate are all disputed by the critical literature.

Evidence drawn from this source

Supports· moderateYDIH-E006

Wittke et al. 2013: ten million tonnes of spherules on four continents

what the source states
Analyses of boundary sediments at 18 sites on four continents reported abundance peaks in silica- and iron-rich microspherules whose geochemistry and morphology the authors interpreted as melt products of a cosmic impact event, estimating ~10 million tonnes of spherules deposited across ~50 million km².
what we infer
The proponents' widest observational claim — the hypothesis's footprint at maximum extent. Its force depends entirely on identification criteria and boundary dating that independent workers dispute; the tonnage estimate compounds every upstream uncertainty.
limitations
  • Proponent-team study; sites and horizons selected and identified by the same investigators whose earlier results were under challenge.
  • No blinded identification; the 2016 blind test later found no standard criteria exist for these objects.
Wittke, J. H. (2013)AI-verified citationYDIH-C004