Rostain et al. (2024) assess the Upano Valley society as the earliest and largest low-density agrarian urbanism documented in Amazonia so far.

Authors' assessment: Upano is the earliest and largest low-density agrarian urbanism documented in Amazonia so far — part 1

what the source states

Other monumental sites of Amazonia are all more recent than the Upano sites and "significantly less dense in terms of features", and, until proven otherwise, not embedded within such a vast and dense communication network.

what we infer

A comparative claim by the discoverers, explicitly time-bounded ('so far'); the Aquiry peak (AD 100–300, AMZ-C004/E003) overlaps its later phase, so 'earliest' depends on definitions of urbanism.

limitations

• Authors' interpretive superlative; comparison set is the supplement's four sites.